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The enneagram arises out of a perspective of human psychic strivings whose roots go back at least as far as the early monsticism of the desert fathers, perhaps even back to pre-Chritin times (Pythagoras). Later, it was presumably passed on orally through the Islamic wisdom tradition of Sufism. Thus, although it seems to be genuinely Christian, it draws from pre-Christian sources and has had an influence on non-Christian mystical traditions. Xii

Attributed to evagrius ponticus (desert father) when he died his partisans had to flee to Armenia where they influenced the Sufis.